Social Marketing and Business Functions

Question: Talk about the Social Marketing and Business Functions. Answer: Presentation It is right to state that promoting has developed as one of the center business capacities. In the current period, advertising capacity is significant for the associations in corporate world as well as for the associations in the non-benefit segment. One of the essential or the center things in the advertising is to characterize the showcasing blend. The advertising blend of associations incorporates four components. These are item, value, spot and advancement. It is significant that the showcasing techniques or the advertising efforts of associations ought to be founded on these four components of promoting blend (Griskevicius Cantu, 2012). The target of this paper is to talk about, investigate and think about two promoting efforts across various components of advertising blend. The two crusades can be featured as: Crusade 1: RSPCA Adopt a pet battle looked into at https://www.rspca.org.au/embrace pet Crusade 2: WWF Adopt a creature assessed at https://donate.wwf.org.au/battles/give/ Both the associations work in a non-benefit fragment. These associations have the target of improving the life of creatures and these organizations need subsidizing to continue. These organizations frequently need to dispatch promoting effort to set up a decent affinity with shoppers. These associations are working of the social reason and it is normal that advertising capacity would empower these associations to accomplish its objectives and destinations (Saravanakumar, 2012). The correlation of the four components of promoting blend for RSPCA and WWF can be examined as: Correlation Analysis: Product component One of the most essential components of the promoting blend is item. It is important that the advertisers ought to understand the significance of item component. Both of these associations offer types of assistance to end buyers and the hidden item for this situation is the administration. The RSPCA is a free, non-government network based cause giving creature care and insurance administrations. The organization propelled receive a pet crusade to assist the individuals with adopting the correct sort of pet. RSPCA has different branches in Australia. Individuals can visit the workplaces of RSPCA and choose to embrace the pet. Individuals can likewise visit the site of RSPCA to see the accessible choices. World Wildlife Fund or WWF is an interesting organization of researchers, business and government pioneers, with the help and direction of HRH Prince Bernhard of The Netherlands and HRH The Duke of Edinburgh. WWF has two key contributions. The association offers pet support to customers and simultaneously, WWF masterminds raising money span everywhere scale. The hidden result of WWF is the administration that it has propelled in the long stretch of December (Cader Tenaiji, 2013). The association has propelled an uncommon battle where it has made a Christmas bid to customers. The buyers are approached to spread satisfaction among the creatures at the hour of Christmas by making gifts or by receiving the creatures. The correlation of the hidden results of RSPCA and WWF can be neglected as: Basic Product RSPCA WWF Center (It alludes to the basic advantage of utilizing the item or administration) Sentiment of fulfillment or love that individuals can get when they embrace a pet Sentiment of fulfillment or love that individuals can get when they embrace a pet or when they make a gift Genuine (It alludes to the different substantial parts of item) It implies different physical qualities of the pet like shading, breed, size, weight, and so forth. It implies different physical qualities of the pet like shading, breed, size, weight, and so forth. Enlarged (It incorporates the different immaterial components related with the item like conveyance, ensures, and so on.) It alludes to the after deals administrations like item conveyance, assurances and warrantees, administrations gave by client case administrators, and so on. It alludes to the after deals administrations like item conveyance, certifications and warrantees, administrations gave by client case officials, and so forth. Examination Analysis: Price component It is right to state that estimating is a urgent component to arrive at masses. There would be a few people in the objective market that would not be value touchy. In any case, it is normal that larger part of the objective market can be impacted by the evaluating technique. The administration of RSPCA understands that it doesn't sell any substantial items and in like manner it can't charge clients based on item properties. There is no dollar esteem appended to the administrations of RSPCA. The association acknowledges the assets transparently (Miller Grimes, 2012). The primary benefit of the association is through the selling of pets and protection. Individuals have the alternative to choose the pet at the given costs. There are numerous evaluating choices for protection. The clients can choose the protection program dependent on the inclusion that they require for their pets. WWF has the target to get most extreme assets for the association. The organization acknowledges the assets through its site. In addition, individuals can likewise truly visit the store and make the gifts. Individuals can make the gifts in the modest quantity or in the enormous sums. WWF likewise have a valuing methodology where individuals are urged to make regularly scheduled installments. Individuals can select themselves on the regularly scheduled installment plan where individuals can make month to month financing. Investigation: Place/Distribution The significance of spot or conveyance directs can't be kept away from in the showcasing blend. In the advertising blend, spot or dispersion assumes a basic job. Essentially characterized, spot or dispersion alludes to the development of items from maker to expected client. This development could be through a blend of middle people, for example, merchants, wholesalers and retailers (Santos, 2012). The significant piece of the circulation channel of RSPCA is Internet. The organization has an intelligent site. Individuals can really put in the request and make commitments on the site of RSPCA. WWF likewise utilizes the web medium to connect with purchasers. The association can connect with shoppers through its site. Simultaneously, buyers can visit any of the stores of WWF and complete the buy. Examination: Promotion Today rivalry is high in the majority of the business and among this serious scene; advancement is one of the significant components of promoting blend. As of late, the focal point of the special components has changed from disconnected limited time components to social limited time components. Both the associations have been concentrating on computerized and social special components and it is normal that these organizations would keep on making interest in the advanced and social scene (Shanbhag Nayak, 2015). RSPCA has a solid computerized methodology. The organization has a functioning FB page and Twitter handle. Customers can connect with the executives whenever. The administration of RSPCA is additionally extremely dynamic via web-based networking media stages like FB and Twitter. The association guarantees that individuals get the brief answer on their inquiries. WWF additionally utilizes a blend of disconnected and advanced channels. The organization conducts different special occasions where individuals can partake. Simultaneously, the association likewise leads different on the web and advanced occasions (Vries Gensler, 2012). WWF has led different on the web and get-togethers on its FB page and on its Twitter handle. It is normal that the association would keep on having a decent nearness via web-based networking media and advanced channels. Target Market portrayal The objective market for RSPCA is the individuals from the age gathering to 15 to 50 years. The association explicitly needs to focus on the adolescent and the high school populace as youth and young populace adores pets the most. As far as pay bunch it very well may be said that RSPCA focuses on the working class and upper white collar class family. The white collar class and upper working class are the customers that would need to make great gifts. WWF focuses on the age gathering of 18 to 55 years. The organization needs to focus on the young populace, as they are the best objective gathering that gave gifts and subsidizing. The association needs to accept its clients as its accomplices that would take the association forward. This is the explanation that the organization needs to contribute vigorously via web-based networking media and other limited time occasions. End The above paper talks about the social showcasing approach of RSPCA and WWF. It very well may be inferred that both the associations understands the significance of advertising capacity. It is normal that these associations would keep on making interest in the showcasing capacity. The above paper talks about the four components of advertising blend for both the associations. It very well may be said that all the components of advertising blend are significant for RSPCA and WWF. The paper examines the significance of every one of the components of advertising blend. The advancements on the web based life channels like Facebook and Twitter would help these associations in present moment. In the long haul, the associations should keep on putting resources into internet based life and disconnected special occasions. As a primary concern it very well may be said that viable correspondence channels and successful mix among all the components of showcasing blend is the key for associations to push ahead alongside all the inside and outside partners. References Cader, Y. what's more, Al Tenaiji, A.A., 2013. Web based life advertising. Worldwide Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2(6), pp.546-560. Choi, N. what's more, Majumdar, S., 2014. Social business as a basically challenged idea: Opening another road for deliberate future exploration. Diary of Business Venturing, 29(3), pp.363-376. De Vries, L., Gensler, S. what's more, Leeflang, P.S., 2012. Prominence of brand posts on brand fan pages: An examination of the impacts of online networking advertising. Diary of Interactive Marketing, 26(2), pp.83-91. Griskevicius, V., Cantu, S. M., Vugt, M. V. (2012). The developmental bases for s

Counseling Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Guiding Needs - Essay Example The outline on the following page delineates the structure to be trailed by me as the advisor. The figure shows the interrelationship between the customer and the advisor, inside the substance and procedure impacts that sway upon the person, with the coordinated effort and mediation of the advocate. I should work intimately with approach creators in the association, in view of the hypothesis by Savickas, Van Esbroeck and Herr that profession direction is a socio-political instrument for progressing authoritative objectives while helping the person to understand an expressly fulfilling vocation (Patton and McMahon, 2006:231). The arrangement producers set the hierarchical framework, which works inside the social and natural/cultural frameworks. Working in the framework next to each other with the individual is the advocate, who utilizes a community oriented and arranging strategy that makes up the professional dynamic methodology. The advisor discovers the strategies and destinations in the association, and encourages the person to acclimate to the continually evolving association.

Slave to the Ribbon 4 Tough Questions in Software Design - Focus

Slave to the Ribbon 4 Tough Questions in Software Design - Focus At MeisterLabs, we did our first usability test last year on our mind mapping product, MindMeister.     As a team that focuses on designing attractive and easy-to-use software, the test was an eye-opening experience. It forced us to think long and hard about our software design philosophy and presented  four  tough questions  that SaaS designers have to answer, one way or another: 1.  Where Do You Land on the Snapchat-Word Continuum? Part of the usability test involved eye-tracking software that allowed us to see what parts of the interface people were looking at. Despite all the innovations in software design and UX that weve seen over the last years, it quickly became apparent that when people get stuck in software, they invariably look up. As in: they are checking the place where Microsoft Word or Outlook typically have a big multi-tab collection of text elements, icons and random drop down menus, also known as The Ribbon. This, of course, means every software designer needs to make a choice about where they want to position themselves, choosing to be either: on the Snapchat end of the continuum, where users are supposed to figure things out and need to remember the secret combos that unlock certain pages and functionalities or, on  the Microsoft end of things, where elements are expectedly found at the top of the interface.   Affordances and signifiers In the more scientific terms of Don Normans classic The Design of Everyday Things, this is the battle between affordances (the implicit qualities of a product that allow it to be used) and the signifiers (the interface elements that inform the user explicitly where they can push, pull, click or dial). The door at the end of the corridor with a metal panel to push has affordances. If the panel has Push here imprinted on it, this would be its signifier. Industrial designers have decades of experience in frustrating users by hiding signifiers because they find minimalism more beautiful. The result is that you cant find the light switch (hidden in the wallpaper), cant open the kitchen cabinet (you have to push the edge, not pull), or you cant get water from the tap (you have to wave at the tap in exactly the right spot).   Flat software design and intuition In software design, were evolving in the same direction. Quora user Ivan Braun recently made a good case about the arrival of flat design, and how it ruined the accessibility of the web. Yes, flat design makes software prettier, but it also leaves less room for signifiers, like the glass edge that showed you which buttons were clickable in iOS. The consequence is that today, you have to just know which buttons in iOS are clickable and which ones arent: Image from Ivan Brauns Quora article While I agree that flat design can make software a bit more challenging to use, I’m convinced that software design needs to err on the side of innovation and minimalism. This means our industry is better off following the lead of bold companies like Snapchat or Apple. Ditching the iPhone  headphone jack, for example, will be uncomfortable for a while. But it will be replaced by something simpler and leaner, forcing other companies to follow suit. Discover collaborative mind mappingTake your creativity to the next level. Try MindMeister 2. How Does Your Interface Grow with the User? Then there’s the opposite problem: how do you avoid a software design that is too simple for advanced users? It’s quite clear that your software needs to be easy to understand for beginners. In the app industry, we know that 84% of users wont return to an app  for a third try if the first two experiences were glitchy or unsuccessful. In order to retain users, you have to nail that first experience. But new users will quickly become more sophisticated and  want to do more. Weve found that our MindMeister users soon want to embellish their mind maps, by: adding images presenting their content to others sharing their content online creating links between their content. Maybe they like your software so much that theyll find use cases that push your interface to its very limits. This is a good problem to have, no doubt, but still a challenge we need to solve. It also presents  probably the hardest question for a software designer: How can I design software that meets the user with functionality at exactly the right moment in their customer journey? This remains one of the biggest challenges for me personally: when you’re working on an app for more than a decade, the temptation can arise to complicate things â€" and potentially  overcomplicate them. Advanced Mode isnt the answer One thing I do know is that software with different modes or states, like the “Advanced” or “Editing Mode” that you find in some apps, are not the answer. In my previous job, I had to help users with software systems. My first question was always: Please tell me what mode your system is in? People never knew the answer to that â€" they always needed to search for the answer at length, guided by more probing questions from me. We launched MindMeister in 2006 and haven’t stopped  perfecting our interface ever since. Weve tried it all â€" the bare bones look at the beginning to the hyper-gloss phase a few years back.   A design draft of MindMeister for iOS on iPad Of course, now, we want to make the tool as streamlined as possible, for both our web and mobile apps, and we’re going back to basics by focusing on our users’ content. 3. What is the Reward? This is one question that you need to be able to answer clearly whether you launched your product yesterday or youve been on the market for ten years. In his bestselling book Hooked, entrepreneur and design expert Nir Eyal tries to explain how some companies create products that you just can’t put down. The golden standard are of course products like Facebook, which  studies have proven our brain wants to check every 31 seconds. What is it that makes you fall in love with these products? One of the main attractions of truly “habit-forming” products, Eyal concludes, is that they reward the actions they trigger. Rewards can be anything. The only thing really required is that your user experiences a small, almost imperceptible boost of satisfaction. Imagine the feeling you get when you finish assembling a piece of IKEA furniture. For example, Eyal  points out that LinkedIn provides users with reward when they input more details about themselves into the professional networking platform. A graphic pops up that illustrates how close to complete your profile is, building incentive in users to finish what they’ve started. When you’ve provided enough information, LinkedIn lets you know that your profile has reached “All-Star” status. Eyal says that the graphic increases the likelihood of users opening a premium account and thus launching into the investment phase.   Knowing your products reward will allow you to reduce the time your user needs to get that very first boost and reducing your time to wow will increase the likelihood of bringing the user back a second time. 4. Are You Future Proof? Finally, theres the question: How will we survive the onslaught of new technologies that launch every day? Augmented reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence (the list goes on …) will change how users interact with content: they’ll be able to verbally access information (no more UI required!) and experience it in 3D (UI everywhere around you!). One main difference will be that the workspace will include the entire field of vision rather than a 24-inch slice of it. But that will probably be compensated partly by the fact that hand gestures aren’t as granular as the pointer of a mouse. MeisterTasks Project Dashboard And at the same time, the fundamentals will remain. We follow the 98 percent rule â€" in any productivity tool, about 98 percent of the UI should be reserved for the user’s content. This principle is at the core of MindMeister and will be even more so in our upcoming redesign   as well as the design of our second product, MeisterTask. In both cases, stuffing the entire field of vision with possible action buttons will be just as confusing as offering a nine-tab ribbon with 25 clickable items per tab. The more things change, the more they stay the same. Discover intuitive task management Sign-Up Save 30% Free to try Sign-Up Save 30% Slave to the Ribbon 4 Tough Questions in Software Design - Focus At MeisterLabs, we did our first usability test last year on our mind mapping product, MindMeister.     As a team that focuses on designing attractive and easy-to-use software, the test was an eye-opening experience. It forced us to think long and hard about our software design philosophy and presented  four  tough questions  that SaaS designers have to answer, one way or another: 1.  Where Do You Land on the Snapchat-Word Continuum? Part of the usability test involved eye-tracking software that allowed us to see what parts of the interface people were looking at. Despite all the innovations in software design and UX that weve seen over the last years, it quickly became apparent that when people get stuck in software, they invariably look up. As in: they are checking the place where Microsoft Word or Outlook typically have a big multi-tab collection of text elements, icons and random drop down menus, also known as The Ribbon. This, of course, means every software designer needs to make a choice about where they want to position themselves, choosing to be either: on the Snapchat end of the continuum, where users are supposed to figure things out and need to remember the secret combos that unlock certain pages and functionalities or, on  the Microsoft end of things, where elements are expectedly found at the top of the interface.   Affordances and signifiers In the more scientific terms of Don Normans classic The Design of Everyday Things, this is the battle between affordances (the implicit qualities of a product that allow it to be used) and the signifiers (the interface elements that inform the user explicitly where they can push, pull, click or dial). The door at the end of the corridor with a metal panel to push has affordances. If the panel has Push here imprinted on it, this would be its signifier. Industrial designers have decades of experience in frustrating users by hiding signifiers because they find minimalism more beautiful. The result is that you cant find the light switch (hidden in the wallpaper), cant open the kitchen cabinet (you have to push the edge, not pull), or you cant get water from the tap (you have to wave at the tap in exactly the right spot).   Flat software design and intuition In software design, were evolving in the same direction. Quora user Ivan Braun recently made a good case about the arrival of flat design, and how it ruined the accessibility of the web. Yes, flat design makes software prettier, but it also leaves less room for signifiers, like the glass edge that showed you which buttons were clickable in iOS. The consequence is that today, you have to just know which buttons in iOS are clickable and which ones arent: Image from Ivan Brauns Quora article While I agree that flat design can make software a bit more challenging to use, I’m convinced that software design needs to err on the side of innovation and minimalism. This means our industry is better off following the lead of bold companies like Snapchat or Apple. Ditching the iPhone  headphone jack, for example, will be uncomfortable for a while. But it will be replaced by something simpler and leaner, forcing other companies to follow suit. Discover collaborative mind mappingTake your creativity to the next level. Try MindMeister 2. How Does Your Interface Grow with the User? Then there’s the opposite problem: how do you avoid a software design that is too simple for advanced users? It’s quite clear that your software needs to be easy to understand for beginners. In the app industry, we know that 84% of users wont return to an app  for a third try if the first two experiences were glitchy or unsuccessful. In order to retain users, you have to nail that first experience. But new users will quickly become more sophisticated and  want to do more. Weve found that our MindMeister users soon want to embellish their mind maps, by: adding images presenting their content to others sharing their content online creating links between their content. Maybe they like your software so much that theyll find use cases that push your interface to its very limits. This is a good problem to have, no doubt, but still a challenge we need to solve. It also presents  probably the hardest question for a software designer: How can I design software that meets the user with functionality at exactly the right moment in their customer journey? This remains one of the biggest challenges for me personally: when you’re working on an app for more than a decade, the temptation can arise to complicate things â€" and potentially  overcomplicate them. Advanced Mode isnt the answer One thing I do know is that software with different modes or states, like the “Advanced” or “Editing Mode” that you find in some apps, are not the answer. In my previous job, I had to help users with software systems. My first question was always: Please tell me what mode your system is in? People never knew the answer to that â€" they always needed to search for the answer at length, guided by more probing questions from me. We launched MindMeister in 2006 and haven’t stopped  perfecting our interface ever since. Weve tried it all â€" the bare bones look at the beginning to the hyper-gloss phase a few years back.   A design draft of MindMeister for iOS on iPad Of course, now, we want to make the tool as streamlined as possible, for both our web and mobile apps, and we’re going back to basics by focusing on our users’ content. 3. What is the Reward? This is one question that you need to be able to answer clearly whether you launched your product yesterday or youve been on the market for ten years. In his bestselling book Hooked, entrepreneur and design expert Nir Eyal tries to explain how some companies create products that you just can’t put down. The golden standard are of course products like Facebook, which  studies have proven our brain wants to check every 31 seconds. What is it that makes you fall in love with these products? One of the main attractions of truly “habit-forming” products, Eyal concludes, is that they reward the actions they trigger. Rewards can be anything. The only thing really required is that your user experiences a small, almost imperceptible boost of satisfaction. Imagine the feeling you get when you finish assembling a piece of IKEA furniture. For example, Eyal  points out that LinkedIn provides users with reward when they input more details about themselves into the professional networking platform. A graphic pops up that illustrates how close to complete your profile is, building incentive in users to finish what they’ve started. When you’ve provided enough information, LinkedIn lets you know that your profile has reached “All-Star” status. Eyal says that the graphic increases the likelihood of users opening a premium account and thus launching into the investment phase.   Knowing your products reward will allow you to reduce the time your user needs to get that very first boost and reducing your time to wow will increase the likelihood of bringing the user back a second time. 4. Are You Future Proof? Finally, theres the question: How will we survive the onslaught of new technologies that launch every day? Augmented reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence (the list goes on …) will change how users interact with content: they’ll be able to verbally access information (no more UI required!) and experience it in 3D (UI everywhere around you!). One main difference will be that the workspace will include the entire field of vision rather than a 24-inch slice of it. But that will probably be compensated partly by the fact that hand gestures aren’t as granular as the pointer of a mouse. MeisterTasks Project Dashboard And at the same time, the fundamentals will remain. We follow the 98 percent rule â€" in any productivity tool, about 98 percent of the UI should be reserved for the user’s content. This principle is at the core of MindMeister and will be even more so in our upcoming redesign   as well as the design of our second product, MeisterTask. In both cases, stuffing the entire field of vision with possible action buttons will be just as confusing as offering a nine-tab ribbon with 25 clickable items per tab. The more things change, the more they stay the same. Discover intuitive task management Sign-Up Save 30% Free to try Sign-Up Save 30%

Skin Cancer - 1352 Words

Most parents remembered hearing about the importance of protecting their children from the sun, yet children are still playing in the sun without sunscreen or protective clothing. Many people these days are not taking skin cancer seriously after knowing its significance. Skin cancer has been a growing problem in the United States and millions of people have suffered from it every year. The three most common skin cancers are Melanoma, Basal cell, and Squamous cell, which can cause bumps, sores, growths, etc. Skin cancer is a deadly disease with many causes, but the advantage is that it can be prevented. Problem/Definition Skin cancer is a disease where cancer (malignant) cells are found on the outer layer of the†¦show more content†¦John L. M. Hawk† (Allen 3). Discussion of current events/ Case Study In order to put this issue in greater clarity, the following case study should be examined. In Australia, a case was done on 3 groups of patients, â€Å"those with invasive superficial or nodular melanoma of the trunk, those with similar histological types of melanoma of the head and neck, and those with lentigo maligna melanoma† (Rivers 728). The patients with melanoma of the head and neck had a history of sun damage and freckling on the faces as a teenager. While the patients with lentigo maligna melanoma tend to freckle and develop solar keratoses. Lastly, patients with melanoma of the trunk are prone to melanocytic naevi (moles) and less exposed to the sun. Melanocytic naevi is densest on the arms and grows according to the equator. (Rivers 728) In other words, sunlight has a major role in the development of naevi. Since getting melanoma has so many risks as a young adult, people need to start taking preventing themselves from getti ng skin cancer. Current Event/ Expert Opinion Learning what experts have to say about skin cancer willShow MoreRelatedEssay On Skin Cancer1814 Words   |  8 PagesSkin cancer is a very real and common health problem for Australians, with 2 in 3 developing this deadly disease by the age of 70 (Lynch, 2006). â€Å"Due to the Australian climate and lifestyle, as well as a predominantly fair skinned population, skin cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in Australia,† (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2000). For the most effective prevention against skin cancer, it is recommended that a combination of sun safety measures are met; slip, slop, slap,Read MoreSkin Cancer Essays629 Words   |  3 PagesSkin Cancer What is it and how to prevent it Skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers. There are three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. 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This example shows how expert knowledge in the form of medical advice tells us to keep our skin covered so as to prevent exposure from the sun that could cause skin cancer, and how this is interpreted by society using the cultural practice of booking holidays and how they balance the material risk of skin cancer with the symbolic risk of getting a tan inRead MoreSkin Cancer : A Significant And An Increasing Health Problem Worldwide1638 Words   |  7 Pages Arjun Ramakrishnan Morgan State University Skin Cancer April 28, 2016 Health Education 103.001 Abstract Skin cancer is becoming a significant and an increasing health problem worldwide. The main cause of this type of cancer is due to the damage done by the Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sun. There are many other causes and behaviors which contribute towards skin cancer. Protecting the skin from sun by wearing appropriate clothing, a sunscreen with appropriate sun protectionRead MoreSkin Cancer Essay553 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer†, its a disease that has claim the lives of millions, its a disease that so far has no known cure, and its a disease that has many different forms. Cancer is defined as â€Å"a malignant form of tumors, which are tissue masses that arise through mutations in the genes that govern cell growth and division† (Starr, 1999, p. 213). Skin cancer is just one of the many forms of cancer that effects us and is the most common cancer in the U.S. Like so many others, I would assume that the major cause of

Why New Zealand Is Not A Classless Society Essay - 1892 Words

Social class, is a highly controversial topic and is one of the most debated topics amongst sociologists, with many different theorists claiming it entails different things. There has been much debate between sociologists whether or not New Zealand is a classless society, and I am here today to argue against this view, stating my reasons as to why New Zealand is not a classless society and in fact never has been. I will argue this by looking at the social stratification of New Zealand throughout time, dating back to Traditional Maori in the early nineteenth century, through to the contemporary society we see today. In order to argue this point, it is first necessary to define what class is. Class refers to a form of stratification: â€Å"the process by which human society rank and evaluate themselves into a hierarchical order† (Spoonley et al. 1990) and according to Marxist theory, exists in two distinctive categories: the bourgeoisie: those who own and control production and the proletariat: the working class that provides the labour for production (McLennan, Ryan and Spoonley, 2004). Weber’s analysis of class is similar to Marx’s, but in contrast he discusses class in the context of social stratification more generally. Weber’s sociological perspective puts emphasis on status and power rather than materialism, arguing class arose through competition for economic resources, social prestige and political influence (Richard Bedggood, 1980) At a more basic level when sociologistsShow MoreRelatedS New Zealand/Aotearoa a Classless Society?4186 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction to Sociology and Community Development CSTU 5110-2167 Lecturer: Dr Denys Delany ESSAY IS NEW ZEALAND/AOTEAROA A CLASSLESS SOCIETY? DISCUSS – IF SO WHAT DEFINES THIS STRUCTURE? – IF NOT WHAT IS THE MAIN BASIS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN NEW ZEALAND/AOTEAROA? 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Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrievalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg

Qualites of an Effective Helper Free Essays

QUALITES OF AN EFFECTIVE HELPER I believe that ill be an effective helper because I am caring trustful honest and open minded. I also know What its like self , family problems I also know the feelings of being unwanted and unloved is so Powerful that its hard to over come. I am motivated by desire to help all types of people work thought their problems no matter how big or little they are. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualites of an Effective Helper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The qualities that I have that will make me an effective helper are that I am a good listener, I am open- minded about all most everything even if I don’t really understand. I am honest and I don’t mind telling the truth to someone even if it hurts their feelings sometimes people need to hear the truth it helps them see it through someone’s else’s eyes, but I also know when to be respectful to other people needs, beliefs and values. I have had some personal problems that I think other people may have, I don’t mind sharing them with a client to show them that I have been down that road in life and with sharing I would hope that it will help our relationship. I don’t like to judge people because at some point in life everyone has had some kinds of problems and I have no right to judge we are all human we all live and learn. I have an happy go lucky presonallalliti so smiling and showing that I care comes easy for me, I have no problem putting myself on the spot to break the ice with a client. I am a patience person, I know that time is the key to help out with the relationship,, I know that it is hard to open up to someone that you think will judge you. I believe that helping a client find forgiveness it the key to most problems and that forgiving ourselves is one of the hardest things to do. I believe that everyone should have respect for all and be understanding, I try to understand everyone’s views, values and beliefs but when it comes to someone that has sexual abuse or killed a child would be really hard for me because I see children as the best gift in life, I don’t understand how any one would want to hurt them in any way. I know that they may have had it done to them . If I had to work with that has done one of those thing I would try really hard to put my feelings aside as best as I could. Nicki Prudhomme How to cite Qualites of an Effective Helper, Papers

Growing up on Grace free essay sample

In ‘Growing up on Grace’, the autobiography written by Rosie Dimanno, she comes to realize at an early age that she is living in a country with completely different cultural beliefs than what she has been learning from her Italian household. Rose attempts to abandon her Italian culture by asking her mom to do un-Italian things like shave her legs. Throughout the autobiography Rose desperately wants a Canadian identity suggested by her refusing to do a variety of things such as refusing to go to catholic school. Rosie had come to the realization at an early age that she was in fact, a Canadian. Her parents had always shown her the Italian way and this made it difficult to fit in with the Canadian culture. Rosie explains that when she was young and her mother never used to shave her legs she was totally mortified by her mother’s pure Italian-ness. We will write a custom essay sample on Growing up on Grace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She had begged her mother to shave her legs. She had finally done so but her mother never understood the fuss. This suggests that Rosie had was always going to shave her legs in an attempt to fit in with the Canadian culture. Rosie explains that her parents would always have hardcore Italian foods in the house. Her mother would often pack her lunches with these foods and Rosie would just throw them in the garbage to save the embarrassment from being judged by her peers at school. ‘Growing up on Grace’ describes how Rosie attempts to gain her own Canadian identity by doing things like refusing to go to catholic school, refusing to kiss the aunts and uncles, refusing to eat anything with tomatoes in it and refusing to speak Italian. In Italian tradition, education is not highly valued because of fears of rebelling. Rosie never actually successfully adopts a Canadian Identity. She travels to Italy at the end and says that she â€Å"felt as if (she) belonged† (Rosie Dimanno) suggesting that she never really found a true Canadian Identity otherwise it might have been the other way around, she would have felt like she didn’t belong.

Problems in Implementing a New Project

Writing Guide on How to Write a Law Essay

Writing Guide on How to Write a Law Essay An essay is a form of an academic activity that allows a professor to evaluate the student’s knowledge on the studied subject. Taking a degree in law? Or studying law as a part of course at high school or college? No matter what is the reason why you need to write a law essay, focus on this academic activity to the fullest extent. Essay writing as an academic activity offers many advantages. Some of them are: You learn to express ideas in a concise and well-structured manner; You increase your knowledge through reliable sources of information; You explore new topics for essays that may be quite specific to the field of study; You build up your critical and analytical thinking skills, and so on. In addition to all the benefits mentioned before, you have the chance to improve your academic performance by writing a good essay in Law. Get motivated to write an essay in Law right now? Don’t omit this law essay writing guide and read it to the end to make no mistake in your essay writing. What You Should Know about Essays in Law Remember you can’t start writing any essay without knowing what type of essays you are required to write. Being quite a specific and the most spread form of the academic activity, essays are divided into different categories. The main types of essays are as follows: Narrative, Descriptive, Expository, Persuasive. Following the Harvard Law School curriculum, a series of writing and research projects is based on legal reasoning. It means that the most popular types of essays are expository and persuasive ones. While expository essays require the exploration of a certain law topic by the use of facts, statistics, and examples, the persuasive essays imply the â€Å"persuasion of a reader’ as the core aim of the activity by the presentation of facts and logical conclusions. Can I Choose Any Topic for My Law Essay? Answers from Our Writers The initial step for good writing any kind of academic paper is choosing a topic. As opposed to term papers, essays can be focused on a less extended range of topics to explore. And in contrast to research papers, essays require such topics that a student can present the analytical skills and own thoughts on the matter of discussion. Some instructors usually suggest a list of topics in accordance with the course readings and materials. But sometimes some professors allow students to brainstorm their ideas and choose any topic he/she would like to investigate. Certainly, the process of choosing the essay topic is much easier when a student already has a list of topics. However, if this does not happen to you, feel free to check the course materials on your own and find a topic you would like to write about. First of all, the topic should be appropriate for the legal studies course. Secondly, you should understand what to focus on while persuading the reader or simply giving an opinion. Thirdly, you should present a sufficient number of academic literature or, in other words, credible sources which prove your opinion on the subject matter. 10 Appropriate Topics Vs. 5 Inappropriate Topics for Your Law Essay The following list of topics has a purpose to guide you in the right direction by means of 10 possible topics for your essays on the law studies course: School Bullying: Will the Legislation of Bullying Laws Solve the Problem of School Bullying? Pros and Cons of Marriage: Do Civil Couples and Married Couples Have Similar Rights Today? Legislation on Prohibiting Infidelity: Is the Enactment of Such Laws Appropriate Nowadays? Juvenile Offenders Vs. Adult Offenders: Are They Punished Equally by Law? Trade of Marijuana or Any Other Drug: Legalize or Not? Sex Discrimination in Law Professions: Is It Top-of-the-Agenda? Is There a Need to Create Specific Legislation Aimed to Regulate the Religious Freedom? 5 Advantages of the Legalization of the Same-Sex Marriages? How to Improve the Law System to Prevent Racism in the Workplace? What Changes Should Be Made in the Regulation of Laws to Prevent Sexism in the Society? The above-mentioned topics are simply examples, yet they can be modified according to your own preferences. Additionally, here are some topics which are not appropriate for the law paper. Most of them are simply irrelevant, unethical or do not require the depth of thought: The Income Tax and Its History; Is the Capital Punishment Appropriate in the 21st Century? Wage Price Controls During the Era of President Nixon; How Tax Levels Influence the Economic Growth; The History of the Voting Procedures. How to Write a Title for My Law Essay to Catch an Eye While writing a title for an essay, you should take into consideration the following functions of a title: Titles inform about what a piece of writing is going to cover; Titles grab the reader’s attention (and only well-invented titles are able to perform it!); Titles reflect on the purpose and tone of writing; Titles contain some keywords that simplify the access to a piece of writing through an online/computer search. Let’s work with the title, â€Å"Legal Regulation of Religious Freedom† Besides providing the key concepts used in the law essay, there is nothing more valuable for a good title to attract the reader’s attention. Only the professor, who has to read an essay, will read it. It does not allow the professor understand the purpose and tone of writing, the student’s attitude towards the problem. Instead, the title â€Å"Why Is Specific Legislation Important for the Regulation of the Religious Freedom?† explains the writer’s attitude and informs the reader concisely about the concepts used in the essay. Additionally, if you are interested in attracting attention to your essay, make it with the help of some words like ‘today’, ‘nowadays’, ‘current’, ‘recent’, etc. Know why it may work for you? The reader can conclude that you write on the modern situation that is closer to him than the issue relevant to the Aristotles era. At least, you can always look at the legal issues from various time perspectives comparing them. It is also interesting to follow. Don’t forget to mention it in your essay title. How to Create a Valid Thesis Statement for My Law Essay The thesis statement is the next detail of any academic form of writing which contains the core concept the writer is going to persuade the reader in or just explain it. The thesis statement becomes substantial when it answers the main question of the topic the student explores. Besides, a well-developed thesis statement allows the reader to understand what the paper will reveal them if they decide to familiarize with it. In the topic â€Å"Why Is Specific Legislation Important for the Regulation of the Religious Freedom,† the thesis statement may sound as following: â€Å"The legislation associated with the regulation of the religious freedom is important as it prevents the emergence of dangerous religious groups.† Only stating that the laws on the regulation of the religious freedom are important is not enough as the main function of the thesis statement is the presentation of reasons that prove one’s attitude towards the issue and serve as evidence for the per suading process. Keeping that in mind, the following algorithm appears to be effective while writing a valid thesis statement: Ask a question: Should the government pass laws which regulate the religious freedom? Answer the question: The government should initiate the laws that regulate the religious freedom. Add the reasons that explain the above-mentioned idea: The government should initiate the laws which regulate the religious freedom because such laws prevent the emergence of dangerous religious groups and cults. In the process of writing, the thesis statement can be slightly changed due to the addition of information that proves or refutes the basic idea of the essay. Work on the thesis statement as required. Where to Search for Credible Sources of Information for My Law Essay? While writing an academic paper, it is advisable for a student to use additional sources besides the course materials. The credible information sources allow the law students to find some case decisions from courts, legal acts and regulations, law reports and journals, constitutions, treaties, and so on. All these sources can be found at: HeinOnline allows the students search for credible law articles; Westlaw offers a variety of court cases; LexisNexis for Law Schools provides the legal, government, business and high-tech information sources. Watch the tutorial on how to use one of the given sources: Additionally, you can consult Google Books or Google Scholar to find the necessary books and peer-reviewed articles online. Meanwhile, a student can categorize the sources by their importance. For instance, some law articles and law digests contain the most valuable information, while such sources as textbooks, editorials, and encyclopedias are considered less important in terms of being a proof for the student’s argumentation. It is recommended to familiarize with the information in the sources to examine facts and explore the question of the essay. At the same time, a student can find the arguments that prove his or her position towards the question or refute it. How to Outline My Law Essay? Logically! Usually, a law essay contains the same parts as any other academic text does. The traditional essay consists of five parts which are an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introductory part usually aims at familiarizing the reader with the general information about the topic and the issue. For instance, the introduction to the essay â€Å"Why Is Specific Legislation Important for the Regulation of the Religious Freedom† may contain the information about the history of the religious freedom being regulated by law. The thesis statement is usually the last sentence of the introduction. The body paragraphs present the explanation of the reasons mentioned in the thesis statement. As for the analyzed topic connected to the religious freedom, the body paragraphs may present some court cases which prove that the lack of religious control leads to the increase of criminal activities among some religious groups that promote human sacrifices. The more evidence the student finds, the more valid his or her arguments become. While exploring the court cases and real historical evidence, a student should ask himself or herself a â€Å"What if†¦?† question; for instance, â€Å"What if the law which demands all churches be legalized and controls all their activities existed?† Suggesting a possible scenario will allow the student to demonstrate the need for the regulation of the religious freedom. One of the body paragraphs for the essay which reveals the topic associated with the regulation of the religious freedom may sound as the following: The implementation of appropriate laws which regulate the religious activity is crucial in order to define whether the new religious groups are dangerous or not. For instance, the activities of the Hernandez Brothers’ cult could have been identified timely, and that could have saved the life of victims if only the police were obliged to check the activities of all the existing religious groups. With that in mind, the need to regulate the religious freedom and intervene in any sort of suspicious religious activity is necessary in order to prevent the spread of criminal acts. Writing a body paragraph may appear tricky for a student at first. However, the process is actually clear. First of all, the body paragraph contains such elements as a topic sentence, one or more details (pieces of evidence), and a concluding sentence. A topic sentence is usually one of the reasons mentioned in the thesis statement, while details are evidence for the reason, and a concluding sentence is a part that summarizes the importance of the discussed argument. The conclusion is the last part of the essay that commonly demonstrates the results of the research and the study of the issue to the reader. The conclusive part usually contains the paraphrased thesis statement and the evidence for it. Checking the Grammar and Detecting Plagiarism After a student finishes writing the essay, it is advisable to check if the paper contains grammar mistakes and plagiarized parts. While checking the essay, a student should also check whether the text corresponds to the professors rubric as well as whether it consists of logically connected parts. Pay attention to the body paragraphs that should be presented in the proper order. A student may read the paper out loud or ask someone to do it. This way help you detect some mistakes that are missed while only reading. Additionally, the word count and the number of pages should also correspond to the paper instructions as well as the citation format should do. Meanwhile, using the additional software aimed at effective grammar checking and plagiarism detection is highly recommended. One of the most effective modern grammar checkers is Grammarly. The program is free to use. Don’t hesitate to benefit from using it on your own. At the same time, the program not only detects mistakes but also improves the academic writing skills. The most efficient software which detects plagiarism is Turnitin. It is probably the most popular tool for detecting plagiarism in the American university surroundings. What Can Help Me Write My Essay in Law? Each educational institution has writing centers which can provide professional advice on the academic writing. However, if a student decides to find information by himself or herself, then many guiding books on the academic writing appear to be helpful in this case. Such sources are divided into various categories starting from books on academic writing for international students to books for professional academic writers. There are many popular sources aimed at helping students with the academic writing process: The Craft of Research by Wayne C. Booth teaches one how to choose credible sources for the paper, find valid arguments for the reader’s persuasion, and how to generally build the logical text. Writing with Power by Peter Elbow is a guiding book on academic writing that explores various techniques that can improve one’s writing, for instance, the technique of free-writing. Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills by John M. Swales and Christine B. Feak is another book that may contribute to improving the quality of the academic texts. The source is one of the most significant guides on academic writing as it tells the reader about the stages of the writing process and how to organize it while presenting a set of rules and exercises in the field of academic writing. This guide will be helpful for you if you follow all the law essay writing tips immediately after reading them. So look through our advice on how to write an essay in Law and start writing it as required by your instructor properly and academically correctly!

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Portfolio - Essay Example Japan has become one of the industrialised countries to some extent (Cusumano, 2013). The pillar Japanese industries like housing and the auto industry are developing in leaps and bounds. The main exported products in Japan are electric and machinery equipment and the most imported products are the raw materials used in industries. Because of economic extroversion, the industry of Japan has internationally competed in the recent years and as a result, the industrial development in the country is highly influenced by global economic environments (Cusumano, 2006). The price of exports in Japan keeps on declining thus making it more challenging than other sectors. Foreign-invested enterprises and products’ market share, on the other hand, keep on increasing. These two factors increase the challenges that the domestic industry of Japan faces based on production and selling (Krafcik, 2008).For instance, the domestic enterprises are affected particularly. In addition, industries such as light and textile have decreased their growth rate since the year 1990. Additionally, the production rate of products such as durable consumption goods has drastically decreased.The main dominant sector in the economic status of Japan remains its industries and manufacturing sectors. Despite decreasing the nation’s GDP by 5% percent, industrialization still remains the leading sector and has contributed to 55 percent of the country’s GDP in the year 2012 (Lieberman, Lau & Williams, 2000). This cemented the position of Japan as among the leadin g country in terms of industrial output. The industrial sector in Japan has not only increased the economic growth of the country, but also increased the rate of employment opportunities. More factories are being opened day by day in Japan, thus creating both professional and non-professional employment opportunities. Industrial development

The Development of Indian-EuroAmerican Relations from Contact to Essay

The Development of Indian-EuroAmerican Relations from Contact to Removal - Essay Example This relationship has consistently been marred by violence, broken promises and mistrust, and remains a key part of the American history. Early Indian-EuroAmerican relations were an ever-changing and involving area, where perceptions on both sides were not static. Indians had the ability to play different European powers off against each other, and, likewise, the Europeans did this with different Indian tribes. At this time, the two groups existed in a continually revolving relationship. Some tribes became nomadic, taking advantage of the newly introduced horses, while others settled down into permanent villages and made use of agriculture supplemented by hunting and gathering. Even before the first contact with the Europeans, Indians represented a diverse set of tribes that had their own interests, waged their own wars and formed their own alliances. Once the contact had occurred, Indians often welcomed alliances with the Europeans, or bought weapons and goods that made their lives easier (Howe 26-28). Relations between Indians and Europeans were marred by a significant effect that the Europeans had on their population. As the Europeans came in contact with Indians, they often passed on diseases which they (Europeans) had resistance to, but the Indians did not. In general, this transference was not intentional, and in most cases the Europeans were probably not aware that they had the diseases, as their immune systems fought against the effects. These diseases resulted in a high number of fatalities (Howe 28). At this point in Indian-EuroAmerican relations, there was a strong focus on integrating the two cultural groups by ‘westernizing’ the Indians. Many Indian tribes adopted aspects of the European culture and often chose which components of the new culture to accept and which to ignore. For example, the Navajo tribe moved from being nomads to weavers, sheepherders and silversmiths. Many other tribes or individuals converted to Christianity while others maintained their traditional religious beliefs. Some believed that they should unify with the Europeans, creating a peaceful coexistence throughout the United States. Others felt that Indian tribes should unify with one another against the Europeans (Howe 27). Some tribes created alliances and treaties with the Europeans to secure their own tribal rights and to work on the creation of a unified culture. One example of this is the Muskogee tribe, known to the Europeans as the Creek Indians. The tribe negotiated with George Washington’s administration to create a treaty, and developed a legal written code and national council. However, the influence of the Europeans on this tribe was not uniform, and a dissident faction called â€Å"Red Stick† arose, which resented the influence that Europeans were having on their culture. The uprising was not successful and resulted in a significant amount of bloodshed (Howe 28-29). The war between the United States and Britain in 1812 also had a significant impact on Indian-EuroAmerican relations. Despite the fact that some tribes attempted to choose neutrality in the war, most were compelled to choose to support one side or another. This resulted in many Indians fighting alongside either Americans or Europeans against Indian families or friends (Howe 29). This was an important factor after the war too, because many Indians fought on the losing

A summary of criminological theories

A summary of criminological theories Criminology Matrix Demographic Information Social Disorganization Theory Beginning on the 20th Century 1920-1930’s. Created by theorists Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, W.I. Thomas, Florian Znaniecki, Clifford Shaw, and Henry McKay. Social disorganization shows social change, conflict, and the lack of social consensus as the root causes of crime and deviance. Social disorganization, Chicago school of criminology, Chicago Area Project, demographics, concentric zones, delinquency areas, and cultural transmission (Schmalleger, 2008). Strain Theory Began on the 20th century 1930’s to present. Created by Robert K. Merton, Steven F. Messner, Richard Rosenfeld, Peter Blau, Judith Blau, and Robert Agnew. The concept of strain theory is innovation, ritualism, rebellion, differential opportunity, relative deprivation, and distributive justice. Strain theory agues that a socially approved success of goals and a lack of appropriate ways to achieve those goals. As a consequence, according to the perspective of strain theory, individuals who are unable to succeed often turn to other ways that promise social recognition and success (Schmalleger, 2008). Culture Conflict Culture conflict began on the 1920’s to present. Created by theorists Thorsten Sellin, Frederic M. Thrasher, William F. Whyte, Walter Miller, Gresham Sykes, David Matza, Franco Ferracuti, Marvin Wolfgang, Richard A. Cloward, Lloyd E. Ohlin, and Albert Cohen. The concept of culture conflict is subcultures, socialization, delinquency and, illegal opportunities (Schmalleger, 2008). Learning Theory Learning theory began in 1930’s and to the present. Created by Edwin Sutherland, Robert Burgess, Ronald L. Akers, and Daniel Glaser. Actions are learned, and crime is like another action that is also learned. People tend to learn how to commit crime from others, and such learning comes from the achievements of norms, values, and patterns of behaviors that are conductive to crime. The standpoint of the theory’s concept is that communication and social achievement of learned criminal behavior that values that behavior is detrimental (Schmalleger, 2008). Social Control Theory Social control theory began on the 1950’s to present. Created by Walter C. Reckless, Howard B. Kaplan, Travis Hirschi, Michael Gottfredson, Charles R. Tittle, and others. The concept of social control theory is the inner and outer takeover, of self-derogation, social bond, and control balanced. Social control theory predicts that when a social restriction or antisocial behavior are weakened delinquent behavior begins. This theory questions law abiding citizens rather than criminals (Schmalleger, 2008). Labeling Theory Labeling theory began on 1938-1970, 1960’s-1980, 1990’s to revival. Created by Frank Tannenbaum, Edwin M. Lemert, Howard Becker, John Braithwaite, and others. The concept of labeling theory begins with tagging, labeling, outsiders, moral initiative, primary and secondary deviance, and shaming. Labeling theory is the concept that negative labels within a society lead individuals to commit crime (Schmalleger, 2008). Rational Choice Theory Rational choice theory began in the late 18th century. Created by Cesare Beccaria. The concept of rational choice theory is that criminals make a rational, and informed choice to commit a crime. This makes criminals making the decision, based on, if the crime is worth committing based on the benefits that outweigh the cost or punishment. The XYY â€Å"Supermale† The XYY theory began in 1965. Created by Patricia A. Jacobs. Patricia Jacobs examined 197 Scottish prisoners for chromosomal abnormalities with a simple blood test. The supermale, also known as XYY syndrome has little evidence that men with this syndrome commit crimes of greater violence than other man. However, they may commit more crimes (Schmalleger, 2008). Behavior Genetics Behavior genetics theory began in 1907. Created by Sir Francis Galton. Sir Francis study heredity and the possible influences on human behavior. According to the theory it is easy to show that some criminals inherit criminal nature. Behavioral genetics is â€Å"the study of genes and the environmental contributions to individual deviation in human behavior† Galton might have believe that heredity was related to criminal behavior however, he had no opportunity to explore the relationship in profundity (Schmalleger, 2008). Sociobiology Sociobiology began in 1975. Created by Edward O. Wilson. It is the study of biology and its impact on social behavior taking some of its research from evolution and applying it to modern population (Schmalleger, 2008). Certain forms of behavior contribute to the survival of a social group. Human behavior was the link of survival from one generation to another one. Territoriality explains the conflict between humans, this includes homicide, warfare, and other types of aggression. Pherenology Pherenology began in early 19th century. Created by Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828). This theory explained that the shape of the human skull was an indicative of the personality and could be used to predict criminality. The theory has four tenets the brain, personality, character, and skull shape (Schmalleger, 2008). Early Positivism Early positivism began in 1880’s – 1930. Created by Franz Joseph Gall, Johann Gaspar Spurzheim, Cesare Lombroso, Charkes Buckman Goring, and Earnest A. Hooton. The concept of early positivism is the phrenology, atavism, born criminals, and criminaloids. Criminality was the result of instincts that humans used to survive the evolutionary process. Lombroso has been called the father of criminology because he was the first criminologist to apply the scientific method. Empirical Foundation Social Disorganization Theory Four distinct conclusions resulted from Shaw and McKay’s research. The juveniles’ rates were consistent with an order three-dimensional pattern. There was an identical three-dimensional pattern revealed by several social problems. The three-dimensional pattern of juvenile rates showed long-term stability even though the structure in the city areas had changed. The city areas were becoming more delinquent this occurred through a network or interpersonal relation with family, gangs, and neighbors (Shaw, 1969). Strain Theory Merton said that all people have high economic ambitions and that social classes are linked to crime. Merton said that when individuals had high goals with income and education coupled with low chances of achieving the goals is strain theory (Liska, 1971). Studies with educational goals as measurements were unconvincing and suggested that income was a better component to use. Different studies used goals over expectation and reported any criminal connection which found hardly any support for Merton’s theory (Epps, 1967). Culture Conflict Thorsten Sellin observed that in a society were two cultures inevitably clash and it occurs because of the development of a combined culture. One of the outcomes of culture conflict is criminal behavior. This leads to the creation of criminals defining the surrounding everyday behavior of the individual. Sellin indicated that a diversified and more assorted society the bigger it gets and the more conflict occurs creating an increase in deviance (Claasical Criminology, 2002). Learning Theory Sutherland’s Learning Theory was based on observation. The studies concluded that criminal behavior is learned. Not only it is learned but criminal behavior is learned within intimate groups. It also shows that differential associations vary in frequency, duration priority, and intensity (Boundless, 2014). Social Control Theory Walter C. Reckless, observes that social pressure to follow community ideals, usually imposed by social isolation, was sufficient to control behavior. As society becomes complex, authority played a significant role in deciding whether people followed public laws. The research has found that economic class has little to do with predicting delinquent behavior, and that young people who do not connect or have attachment to parents or school are more likely to become juveniles (Criminology, n.d.). Labeling Theory In 2003, Jon Gunnar Bernburg and Marvin D. Krohn studied the impact of negative official intervention on young men in Rochester, New York. Data available was on men from the time they were 13.5 years old until they were 22. In keeping with what labeling theory would predict, Bemburg and Krohn found that intervention during adolescence led to increased delinquency in early adulthood because it reduced chances for achievement and successful employment. Negative labels come with harsh liabilities, as well as the consequence that the person starts to believe the label that has been given to him. (Schmalleger, 2008). Rational Choice Theory The research involving rational choice cannot be measured with regular crime statistics. It can only be applied through individual research because the theory is too specific to individuals (Schmalleger, 2008). XYY Theory Britished researcher examined 197 Scottish prisoners for deviations from regular chromosomes through a simple blood test known as â€Å"karyotyping† 12 members displayed a deviation of chromosomes that were unusual, and seven were found to have an XYY chromosome (Schmalleger, 2008). Behavior Genetics Twin researchers assumed that individuals choose partners that have an opposing personality. Equal environments, twin research also assumed that twins raised in similar environment share similar experiences. Genetic traits can be inherited through different genetic mechanisms involving a gene inherited from one parent and different gene from the other parents (Winerman, 2004). Sociobiology Edward O. Wilson research sociobiology by examining the genetic and how through affected human behavior and applied them through criminology theory. Research on what genetics are passed on and how they affect human behavior. Theoretical Components Social Disorganization Social disorganization theory comes from Chicago school of sociology. Social Disorganization is caused when a community does not solve the problems of its people which results in the breakdown of institutions within that community (Short, 1976). The theory states that delinquent behavior was not a result of the individual but it was a normal response of people adapting to less than favorable social conditions (Short, 1976). Strain Theory Merton came up with a sociological theory that explained how deviant behavior illustrated the conflicts between culturally defined goals and the official way of getting them (Boundless, 2015). Culture Conflict Suggest that human behavior is social, that results from conflicts between competing groups. Conflict theory originated with work of Karl Marx. Marx understood that human society in terms of conflict between social classes, markedly the conflict in capitalist societies between those who owed the means of economic production and those who didn’t. (Chegg, 2015). This is a sociological theory. Learning Theory Social learning theory, looks at the individual learning process, the formation of self and the influence of society in socializing. Learning theory is the formation of one’s identity to become responsive to a learned response to social stimulation. People engage in crime because of the association with others that also engage in crime. Criminal behavior is learned beliefs that are favorable to crime (Crossman, 2015). This is a sociological theory. Control Theory Control theorists generally argue that there are no problems to explain why people who commit crime because all human beings suffer from human weaknesses which makes it impossible to resist temptation. This is a sociological theory. Labeling Theory When someone has been labelled as a criminal or deviant, the label attached becomes the individual. Each label carries prejudices and images and this leads to others interpreting the behavior of the labeled person in a particular way. While the behavior would be seen as stereotypical to some, others would conclude that it is a self-fulfilling prophecy resulting from being labelled (History Learning, 2000-2015). This is a sociological Theory. Rational Choice This theory sees man as a reasoning actor that weights means and ends, costs and benefits, and makes a rational choices. Including the choice to engage in criminal activity, criminal activity is based on determined decisions that the potential benefits outweighs the risks taken by the individual. This is a psychological theory. XYY â€Å"supermale† XYY males are more likely to engage in criminal behavior but not violent behavior. XYY men were convicted of crimes are more likely to be guilty of property offenses and less likely than convicted XY men. XYY males were born criminals, XYY males according to the theory were more likely to commit violent crimes. This is a biological Theory Behavior Genetics Behavior genetics is the field in which a difference among individuals is separated into genetic against environmental. Environmental influences can be divided into two classes, shared and nonshared environments. Shared is the environment that is mutual by siblings such as socioeconomic statues and parental education, and nonshare is the environment that is unique to a person/individual. (SAPA, 1998). Early positivism. Early Positivism is a social and psychological theory that commits to practical application. It claims that determining criminal behavior and its cause comes from the physical, genetic, and psychological makeup that makes people predisposed to behave criminally (Marshall, 2015). References Boundless. (2014, November 14). Differential Association. Retrieved from Boundless Sociology: https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/deviance-social-control-and-crime-7/the-symbolic-interactionalist-perspective-on-deviance-64/differential-association-theory-381-8939 Boundless. (2015). Strain Theory. Retrieved from Boundless: https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/deviance-social-control-and-crime-7/the-functionalist-perspective-on-deviance-62/strain-theory-how-social-values-produce-deviance-375-6183/ Chegg. (2015). Denition of Conflict. Retrieved from Chegg: http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/conflict-theory-49 Claasical Criminology. (2002, Novemeber 18). Thorsten Sellin. Retrieved from Culture Conflict Theory: http://www.people.okanagan.bc.ca/wvdveen/WILMA WEBPAGE/classical_crim_theory/sellin.htm Criminology. (n.d.). Control Theory. Retrieved from Sociology Criminology: https://sociologycriminology.wordpress.com/control-theory/ Crossman, A. (2015). Learning Theory. Retrieved from About education: http://sociology.about.com/od/Sociological-Theory/a/Social-Learning-Theory.htm History Learning. (2000-2015). Labelling Theory. Retrieved from history Learning Site: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/labelling_theory.htm Liska, A. (1971). Aspirations and Expectations. Sociological Quarterly, 12: 99-107. Marshall, G. (2015, April 28). Criminology, Positivist. Retrieved from A Dictionary of Sociology: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-criminologypositivist.html SAPA. (1998, May). Bahvior Genetics. Retrieved from Personality Research: http://www.personalityresearch.org/bg.html Schmalleger. (2008). Criminology Today Fifth Edition. Columbus, Ohio: Frank Schmalleger. Short, J. F. (1976). Delinquency, Crime, and Soceity. Chicago:. University of Chicago Press. Winerman, L. (2004, April). A second Look at Twin Studies. Retrieved from American Psychological Association: http://www.apa.org/monitor/apr04/second.aspx

“Religion was more important than politics in the failure of King and Parliament to reach a settlement. 1646-1649”, Assess the validity of this statement Essay

â€Å"Religion was more important than politics in the failure of King and Parliament to reach a settlement. 1646-1649†, Assess the validity of this statement. In January 1649, King Charles I was executed after being charged with high treason due to political and religious reasons, some of which contributed to his refusal in accepting the peace settlements given to him by Parliament. Charles’ refusal to compromise was supported by the division that had emerged within Parliament on how to fight the civil war between the Political Presbyterians and Political Independents. The main factors of the failure to reach a settlement were religion, politics, Charles’ intransigence, the New Model Army and the emergence of radical ideas; all of which eventually concluded to Charles’ execution. One of the main reasons why Charles and Parliament failed to reach a settlement was due to religion, especially with the division between the Political Presbyterians and Political Independents. The differences between the two were that Political Presbyterians favoured a negotiated peace with Charles and did not approve of the New Model Army, and were also drawn more closely to the Presbyterian Scots whereas the Political Independents were in favour of a more considerable measure of religious toleration and disliked the authoritarianism of Scottish Presbyterianism. This division throughout Parliament meant that they had failed to reach a settlement negotiating peace terms that was to be decided upon them. In July 1646, the Political Presbyterians had presented Charles with the Newcastle Propositions as their plan for settlement which consisted of severe terms such as Charles was to accept Presbyterianism for three years in England, Parliament was to have control of the militia for 20 years, and the Triennial Act was not to be abolished and to have regular parliaments. Charles rejected these terms of the Newcastle Propositions and instead offered counter-proposals suggesting that the Political Presbyterians would have a three year trial run and reduced parliamentary control over the militia to ten years. Smith1 says that â€Å"there was a good deal of influential opinion† when writing the Newcastle Propositions and was under the impression that Cromwell had expressed his input with these terms. As a result of this, it caused division in the army and more within Parliament as the Presbyterians responded by organising rallies in favour of peace on 26th July. The emergence of radical ideas links with religion as a reason for the failure to reach a settlement in the year 1646 to 1649 as the ideas of the Levellers and Diggers were starting to break through. The Levellers were based in London that needed to gain support by taking advantage of the army’s adjutators movement, which therefore led to their concern that increased within the army, radicalising them. The development of the Leveller movement was the result of economic distress which was cause by the civil war, particularly in London, in a time of political and religious uncertainty. At the end of April 1647, eight cavalry regiments chose men as representatives for the adjutators and met with the senior officers. The Levellers ideas, under their leader John Lilburne, had clearly influenced the policies of Henry Ireton and Oliver Cromwell condemning them as â€Å"grandees†, which expressed them having deceived what people were fighting for in the first place; driving them to accept a less moderate approach to their negotiations with the King in years to come. The Levellers had come up with a pamphlet called the â€Å"The Case of the Army Truly Stated†, which led on to the Putney Debates in October and November of 1647. The Putney Debates had the main focus on the ideas of the Levellers for the extension if the franchise which had provoked a fiery argument between John Wildman and Ireton. Still Ireton spoke for the grandees which did include Cromwell and â€Å"insisted that the franchise should be restricted to those with a permanent fixed interest in the kingdom† as Seel 2 says, and that the vote should go to those who possessed property or there would otherwise be a â€Å"disturbance to a good constitution of the kingdom†. This was seen as important because the views of the religious radicals made settlements more difficult and furthermore increased the tension of division among those in the army and in parliament. The politicisation of the New Model Army also played a significant role in the failure to reach a settlement in the years 1646 to 1649 between Charles and Parliament. What made the army politicised was the concerns of their wages of  £3 million in arrears and the possibility of being faced with the charges of committing offences from the First Civil War, as Parliament had not passed an indemnity act. The army presented Charles with the Heads of The Proposals in 1647, which links back to religious division in parliament, , under Cromwell and Ireton’s influence, putting forward more stricter terms such as religious toleration was to be more effective to a wider degree and that the army was to be controlled by parliament for only ten years instead of twenty, making the army seem like a political force however historian Coward 3 has put forward the argument that â€Å"the army was not apolitical when it was first established.† Despite these terms, Charles still refused to accept them which then led to the Vote of No Addresses in January 1648 and settled that no more future negotiations were to be made with Charles. The importance of this factor was important as the army had felt that they had been pushed to resort to drastic methods and realised that it was most likely that Charles would never accept them. Another important factor that contributed to the failure to reach a settlement was Charles’ intransigence. In July 1646 the Newcastle Propositions were offered to Charles, which still would have granted him much power if he’d have accepted them, but refused to accept them. At the end of December 1647 after refusing both the Newcastle Propositions and the Heads of Proposals, Charles made his escape from confinement at Hampton Court where he would sign the Engagement with the Scots, in which Charles had agreed to allow Presbyterianism in England for three years only if they would grant him a Scottish invasion that would enable him to return back to power. With the possibility of the invasion going ahead, the chances of another civil war had increased. In April 1648 the New Model Army met at Windsor to pray before facing their enemies and declared that Charles was a â€Å"man of blood†, which soon would be one of the religious reasons for Charles’ execution in January 1649. Furthermore another political reason such as the Presbyterians’ offer of the Newport Treaty to Charles, who was now being held captive on the Isle of Wight, was sent to him as a matter of desperation to end the Second Civil War and prevent another one from occurring. However, the army and Ireton were not prepared to allow these negotiations to be undertaken and were forced to act, Kishlansky 4 says â€Å"Ireton had always been the Army’s strategist, the penman who could write the stirring propaganda of the Army’s declaration† and that he demanded a â€Å"purge or dissolution of Parliament and a trial of the King†. For the Newport Treaty to continue, a vote in Parliament took place on 5th December which had 129 for the continuation, and 83 against it, leading Ireton to act immediately and organise the army led by Colonel Thomas Pride who purged Parliament of those who were in favour in negotiating with the King; through this action taken against Parliament, the Rump would take over and conclude that Charles was to be put to trial. In conclusion, the failure to reach a settlement in the year 1646 to 1649 was due to the main religious factors such as the Windsor Prayer meeting of April 1648 where Charles was seen as â€Å"a man of blood†, the religious division in Parliament between Political Presbyterians and Political Independents and his agreement with the Irish which reinforced his support of Catholicism and his defeat in the two civil wars which came across as God’s judgement on his cause. Nevertheless, the main political reasons were down to Charles’ intransigence, fear amongst those in Parliament and the army that Charles would agree to the terms of the Newport Treaty, and fear of him starting another civil war. Overall the main reason for the failure of reaching a settlement was because of religion, although politics became very important in years to come as Presbyterians and Independents became concerned and needed a settlement for the sake of the kingdom.

Coffee Supply Chain

Since 2000 Germany has increased their import every year, going from under 14,000,000 bags to Just over 20,000,000 bags in 2011. Japan has stayed near 7,000,000 bags of imported coffee the past ten years. France has maintained 7,000,000 bags of coffee as well. Italy became he third largest imported of coffee by increasing its demand from 6,000,000 bags to 8,000,000 bags a year over the past ten years. (Reference 1 1) 2013 has already shown to be a peculiar year for coffee import and exports.There has been a 60% decrease in Arabica coffee futures from the 2011 price. The 2011 price was a 14 year high for the coffee. This drop in price has resulted the cost of production to surpass the current market price. Brazil and Colombia have some of the lowest costs in production, 126 cents and 160 cents respectively, yet both countries cost of production have surpassed the market price. As of June 23rd the Lully contract price for a pound of coffee was 116. 9 cents. This has caused a lot of pro blems for coffee growers.As a result of this the Brazilian government has stepped in to make an effort to help support the coffee industry of Brazil. In June Brazil granted the coffee industry a 1. 46 billion us dollar credit line. This credit line will cover the cost of storing the coffee, help buy coffee from growers as well as other expenses of the coffee industry. The government is hoping to avoid diving coffee prices even lower as a result of coffee growers continuing to sell their excess harvest. Reference 12) The large drop in coffee prices has been great for companies.Shipments of coffee in the first half are up 20% from last year numbers. This increase in savings has translated to the largest coffee stockpiles since 2007. Cutbacks stated April 25th that their latest quarter, ending April 31st, saw an increase in operating profit go from 13. 5% to 15. 3% which was due in large part to the decrease in coffee prices. Companies are also lowering prices of coffee; Cutbacks decre ased certain prices of coffee by 10%, Dunking Donuts by 6% and Kraft by 6% as well. (Reference 13)

Negative Affects of Social Media Essay - 606 Words

Ngawang Dhondup Sherkis EQS22-07 Wrtg Wkshp 25 February 2013 Social media is like a game. Once you learn and get along with how to use these websites you get addicted to it. For example, now I am addicted to social media. Before I was introduced to social media I did all of my homework and was one of the top students in the class. From that moment I became engage to websites such as facebook, tweeter, ooVoo and instagram. It affected my life pessimistically. For instance, these days I can’t stop checking my facebook and instagram. Furthermore, theses days I am missing lot homework on most of my classes do to the escalating expose of social media. So due to these entire dilemma, I believe social media has many negative effect on†¦show more content†¦For example, sometimes when I am writings important paper I instant to use words like u, wat, c and others words in my writing due to using them numerous times in my texting and chatting. After that, teens become nastiest in spelling and using the proper sentence due to the usage of social media. In the article call â€Å" Grades 9-10 Literacy: The Power of New Media Annotated Student work† it says that student not only become appalling at spellings, grammars but also at literatures. I do know there some optimistic used of social media such as asking for homework they missed. But still, they are incorrect because do to social media teens can’t concentrate on their work. For example, they use social media for violence. Next, teens are constantly checking Facebook to see/get involve in things that are happening. So it distracts them from studying, doing schoolwork and others too. At last, the use social media for negative use like cyberbulling. As a result you can see social media has negative affects on teens life. For example, getting addicted, cyberbulling and it affects students writing skills. 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